Red Shoulder Severum (Heros efasciatus rotkeil)

Size and appearance

The Red Shoulder Severum is a visually stunning fish with a deep, laterally compressed body. Adult Red Shoulder Severums typically grow to about 20 cm (8 inches) in length, making them a medium to large-sized cichlid. They are characterized by their vibrant red or orange shoulder markings, which contrast beautifully with their greenish or yellow body. These markings become more intense as the fish mature, particularly in males. Their dorsal and anal fins are elongated, often extending towards the caudal fin, adding to their graceful appearance.

Region

Red Shoulder Severum originates from the slow-moving rivers and flooded areas of the Amazon Basin in South America, particularly in Peru and Brazil. In the wild, these fish inhabit areas with soft, slightly acidic water, where they can find plenty of cover among submerged vegetation and roots. The natural habitat of the Red Shoulder Severum is characterized by warm temperatures and dense plant life, providing the ideal environment for these fish to thrive.

Behavior

Red Shoulder Severums are generally peaceful for a cichlid, making them suitable for a community tank with other non-aggressive species. However, they can become territorial, especially during breeding. These fish are known for their intelligence and can quickly recognize their owners, often coming to the front of the tank during feeding times. They are also known for their strong parental instincts, with both males and females taking part in protecting and caring for their young.

Diet

In their natural environment, Heros efasciatus rotkeil feeds on a variety of plant matter, insects, and small invertebrates. In the aquarium, they should be provided with a balanced diet that includes high-quality cichlid pellets or flakes, supplemented with fresh vegetables like spinach, zucchini, and peas. They will also appreciate live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia. A varied diet will help maintain their vibrant colors and overall health.

How to keep the Red Shoulder Severum at home

Tank size: A minimum of 250 liters (66 gallons) is recommended for a single adult, with larger tanks being necessary for pairs or community setups. These fish need ample swimming space and prefer a tank with a length of at least 120 cm (48 inches).
Water conditions: Maintain the water temperature between 24-28°C (75-82°F) and a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. The water should be soft to slightly acidic, mimicking their natural environment.
Tank setup: Provide plenty of hiding spots with driftwood, rocks, and plants. Although Red Shoulder Severums may uproot plants, sturdy varieties like Java fern and Anubias can withstand their occasional digging. A soft substrate is ideal to prevent injury when they dig, which is a natural behavior.
Tank mates: Choose tank mates carefully, considering the peaceful but territorial nature of the Red Shoulder Severum. Good companions include other large, non-aggressive cichlids, larger tetras, catfish, and plecos. Avoid housing them with smaller fish that might be seen as prey.
Breeding: Breeding Red Shoulder Severums in captivity is relatively straightforward. Provide flat rocks or broad leaves for them to lay their eggs on. The pair will guard the eggs and fry diligently. A separate breeding tank is recommended to protect the young from other tank mates.
Maintenance: Regular water changes are essential to maintain water quality, as these fish are sensitive to poor water conditions. Aim for weekly changes of 20-30% of the tank volume.

The Heros efasciatus rotkeil, or Red Shoulder Severum, is a beautiful and engaging fish that can be a rewarding addition to a well-maintained aquarium. With their vibrant colors, peaceful nature, and fascinating behavior, they are sure to be a standout in any collection. By providing the right environment, diet, and care, you can enjoy the company of these magnificent fish for many years. Whether you’re interested in breeding or simply looking for a striking centerpiece fish, the Red Shoulder Severum is an excellent choice for any aquarist.

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